高考英语阅读完型专题05 阅读理解人与社会-高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(解析版)

阅读理解人与社会2022·北京西城·北京十四中统考二模2022·北京·北京八十中校考模拟预测2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中学校考模拟预测2022·安徽合肥·合肥市第八中学校考模拟预测2022·河南开封·统考一模2022·湖北黄冈·黄冈中学校考三模2022·湖南长沙·湖南师大附中校考三模2022·江苏苏州·校联考二模2022·广东茂名·统考一模2023·重庆·统考模拟预测A（2022·北京西城·北京十四中统考二模）NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroid(小行星)totrytochangeitsorbit,attemptingtopreventhumansgoingthesamewayasthedinosaurs.Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris(碎片),buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground.Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact.About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs.Someday,somethingsimilarcouldendhumanbeings-unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)missionisthefirstattempttotestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy:investigatingwhetheraspacecraftcanautonomouslyreachatargetasteroidandintentionallycrashintoit,aswellasmeasuringtheamountofredirection.“Ifitworks,itwouldbeabigdeal,becauseitwouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves,”saidJayTate,thedirectoroftheNationalNearEarthObjectInformationCenter.The610kgDartspacecraftisscheduledtobelaunchedatthetarget—theDidymossystem-aharmlesspairofasteroidsconsistingofa163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphosthatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos(Greekfor“twin”).TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth-about6.8millionmilesaway.About10daysbeforetheimpact,aminiaturizedsatellitecalledLiciaCubewillseparatefromthemainspacecraft,enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth.Combinedwithobservationsfromground-basedtelescopes,andanonboardcamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,theserecordingswillenablescientiststocalculatethedegreetowhichtheimpacthaschangedDimorphos’sorbit.Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitaroundthelargerasteroid.Then,inNovember2024,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequencesofthissnooker(斯诺克)game,recordingdetailssuchastheprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart.Suchdetailsarevitalfortransformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique.Eventhen,itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough.“Theproblemisthatnotwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables.Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame.Whatyouneedisawholefolderofdifferentredirectionmethodsfordifferenttypesoftargets,”saidTate.So,whilethismaybeonesmallsteptowardsplanetaryprotection,manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction.1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toexaminetheimpactofdinosaurs’extinction.B．ToexplainthenecessityofNASA’sDartmission.C．Toshowthedamagecausedbysmallpiecesofdebris.D．Tohighlightthecrisisthreateninghumanbeingsatpresent.2．Whichofthefollowingpicturesillustratesthemission?A． B．C． D．3．WhatisthefunctionofLiciaCube?A．SendingimpactdatabacktoEarth.B．CalculatingthelengthofDimorphos’sorbit.C．Helpingthesatelliteseparatefromthespacecraft.D．Recordingthescientists’ground-basedobservations.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame”mean?A．Thereisnochallengetoobigtoovercome.B．ThereisnopossibilitytosatisfyNASA’sneeds.C．Thereisnosinglesolutiontothecomplexproblem.D．Thereisnostrategytohelpmakeanobviousdecision.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国宇航局将会撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类毁灭。1．B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris(碎片),buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground.Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact.About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs.Someday,somethingsimilarcouldendhumanbeings—unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit.”(地球经常被小碎片所扰动，但它们通常在落地前很久就烧毁或碎裂了。然而，有时候，大到足以造成重大损害的东西会造成撞击。大约6600万年前，一次这样的撞击被认为消灭了恐龙。总有一天，类似的东西会毁灭人类，除非我们能找到解决的办法。)可知第二自然段主要讲述了地球可能会被其它小行星撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，结合第一段“NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroid(小行星)totrytochangeitsorbit,attemptingtopreventhumansgoingthesamewayasthedinosaurs.(美国宇航局将会撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。)”可知，地球可能会被其它小行星撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，所以美国宇航局试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。由此可推知，第二段的目的是解释美国宇航局Dart任务的必要性。故选B项。2．D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“The610kgDartspacecraftisscheduledtobelaunchedatthetarget—theDidymossystem—aharmlesspairofasteroidsconsistingofa163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphosthatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos(Greekfor“twin”).TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway.”(610kg飞镖航天器计划发射到目标Didymos系统，这是一对由163米“月光”小行星组成的无缝小行星，轨道更大，780米，称为Didymos（希腊语“双胞胎”）。计划是在小行星系统离地球最近的地方——大约680万英里外——将航天器撞上双形卫星。)可知新发射的航天器轨道更大，在小行星系统离地球最近的地方将航天器撞上双形卫星，结合图形，D项图形表明中间为地球，较小的那个物体就是小行星，在小行星系统离地球最近的地方，也就是将航天器撞上双形卫星所运行的轨道——neworbit(新的轨道)，originalorbit(原始轨道)是一对由163米“月光”小行星组成的无缝小行星的轨道。故选D项。3．A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“About10daysbeforeimpact,aminiaturizedsatellitecalledLiciaCubewillseparatefromthemainspacecraft,enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth.”(在撞击前大约10天，一颗名为LiciaCube的小型卫星将与主航天器