小升初语法讲义---句子分类陈述句知识精要1. 陈述句句型的理解和综合运用2. 肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的变形及应用要点讲练一、陈述句的概念陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。如:I’mastudent.Ilikedogs.I’mnotateacher.二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法陈述句可分为“肯定陈述句”和“否定陈述句”两种,简称为肯定句和否定句。1、肯定句在英语中,一般情况下,肯定句的基本结构为:主+谓+其他,例如:主语一般包括人称代词或名词:I,you,he,she,dog,cat,somebooks等.物主代词:this,that,等。谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is,are,am助动词:do,does行为动词:like,eat等Eg. Mr.WalkerisanEnglishman.华克先生是英国人。 Iamatallboy.我是一个高的男孩。 Hedoeshishomework. 他做他的作业。2、否定句否定句的基本形式包括以下两种:(1)在系动词am,is,are,助动词do,does,did,及情态动词will,would,can,could,may,might,shall,should,must等后面加上“not”。例如:①句子中有be动词,后直接加not,例如: Eg.Iamnot(I’mnot)agoodswimmer.我不是一个游泳的好手。 Heisnot(isn’t)adoctor. 他不是一个医生Itisnot(isn't)rainingoutside.外面没有在下雨。②情态动词will,would,can,could,may,might,shall,should,must后面加上“not”。例如: Eg. Iwon'tdoitagain.我不再做这种事。 Theoldmancannotfindhiswayhome.那个老人找不到回家的路。 Icouldn'tsleeplastnight.昨夜我无法入睡。③使用助动词“do”的否定句 一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do(does,did)+not+V(原形动词),肯定句、否定句的互换:非单三时用do,单三时用does非单三肯定句:Ilike否定句:IdonotlikeEnglish.单三肯定句:HelikesEnglish.否定句:HedoesnotlikeEnglish. Eg.Idon'tknowherverywell.我并不很了解她。 Hedoesn'tlikeChineseteaverymuch.他并不很喜欢中国茶。 Shedidn'tcometoschoolthismorning.今天早上她没有来上学。 Don'tbelievehim.不要相信他的话。小口诀:1、变否定,找be、can,be、can后边加not2、无be、无can找动词,动词前边加don’t/doesn’t,后面动词用原形 Eg:肯定句否定句 DavidwatchesTVeveryevening. Daviddoesn’twatchTVeveryevening. Sheisbuyingsomefoodintheshop. Sheisn’tbuyingsomefoodintheshop Hecanplaythepiano. Hecan’tplaythepiano. (2)使用“not”以外的否定词①使用副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither等。Eg.Shenevercomestoschoollate.她上学从不迟到。Sheseldomcomestoseeme.她不常来看我。②使用形容词:no,few,little等。Eg.Ihavenobrothers.(=Idon’thavebrothers.)我没有兄弟。HehasfewfriendsinHongKong.他在香港几乎没有朋友。③使用代词:nothing,nobody,none等。Eg.Iknownothingaboutcomputer.对于电脑我一窍不通。Ifoundnobodyinthathouse.在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。小贴士 否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如: Heishonest. 他是诚实的。 Heisdishonest.(=Heinnothonest.)他不诚实。 Theyhavechildren.他们有小孩。 Theyarechildless.=Theydon'thavechildren.他们没有小孩。特殊(肯定句与否定句互换词):1.some变为any Therearesomebirdsinthetree.→Therearen'tanybirdsinthetree. 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。 Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or Ihaveaknifeandaruler.→Idon'thaveaknifeoraruler.3.alotof(=lotsof)变为many或much Theyhavealotoffriends.(可数名词)→Theydon'thavemanyfriends. Thereislotsoforangeinthebottle.(不可数名词) →Thereisn'tmuchorangeinthebottle.4.already变为yetIhavebeentherealready.→Ihaven'tbeenthereyet.陈述句专项练习一、基础练习——Be动词(变为否定句)。Heisaboy._______________________________________________Iamyourfriend._______________________________________________Mysisterisabeautifulgirl._______________________________________________Mymotherisaworker._______________________________________________Theyareintheclassroom._______________________________________________Therearesomebooksonthebookshelf._______________________________________________Iwasathomeyesterday._______________________________________________TheywereinBeijingtenyearsago._______________________________________________9.Iamlookingforajobrecently.______________________________________________10.Thestudentsareplayingbasketballintheplayground.______________________________________________二、基础练习——情态动词(变为否定句)。Lucywillbebackinaweek.______________________________________________Shecansingasonganddrawapicture.______________________________________________Youcanusethedictionary.______________________________________________Peterneedgohometomorrow.______________________________________________Youshouldlineupwhenyouwaitforabus.______________________________________________Weneedlearnsomethingtocook.______________________________________________Icanwriteabook.______________________________________________Youshouldsay“Sorry”tosomebodywhoyouhurthim.______________________________________________Hemuststayathometofinishhishomework.______________________________________________IcangotoShanghaiZoo.______________________________________________三、基础练习——实意动词(变为否定句)。1.WecomefromChina.______________________________________________2.Welikethemask.______________________________________________3.Helikestheviolin.______________________________________________4.Havesomebread,Tom.______________________________________________5.Pleaseopenyourbooks.______________________________________________6.IlikeChinese、Math、ArtandPE.______________________________________________7.Shehasashowerinthemorning.______________________________________________8.Peterdidlotsofworkinthecompanylastnight.______________________________________________9.Theyhadalotoffuninpasttenyears.______________________________________________10.Iusedtoplaythepiano.______________________________________________四、将下列句子变为否定句,每空一词。1.Thisisadesk. This________adesk.2.Grandpatellsstoriestouseveryevening. Grandpa________________storiestouseveryevening.Hecandrawpictures.3.Hecandrawpictures.He_______drawpictures.4.Hehasanicewatch. He______________anicewatch.5.Theydoalotofhomeworkatschool. They________________alotofhomeworkatschool.6.Youmustplayfootballh
小升初语法专题---陈述句 6页
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