精品解析：山西省优生联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题（解析版）

2023~2024学年第一学期优生联考高三英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodothisafternoon?A.Takeanimportanttest.B.HangoutwithAlex.C.Prepareforanexam.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$2.10.B.$2.30.C.$2.90.3.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Acustomer.B.Ashopassistant.C.Amanager.4.WhatdoesLilythinkofeatingrawfood?A.Harmful.B.Healthy.C.Strange.5.Whydoesthewomanmovetoanewplace?A.Forconvenience.B.Forfriendlyneighbors.C.Foraquietenvironment.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmuchdoestheregularmailcost?A.$15.B.$20.C.$24.7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Apackage.B.Twostamps.C.Someenvelopes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whowillthemantalkto?A.Mrs.Collins.B.Mr.Hunter.C.MissBrown.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At11:00am.B.At2:00pm.C.At2:15pm.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwillthewomanprobablyusethecarfor?A.Goingonlongtrips.B.Pickingupherkid.C.Visitingherhometown.11.Whydoesthemanknowsomuchaboutcars?A.He’sacarsalesman.B.He’sinterestedincars.C.He’saprofessionaldriver.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electriccars.B.Environmentprotection.C.Advantagesofgas-poweredcars.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whathascausedthewomantoquithercurrentjob?A.Thelowsalary.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Thejob’sdarkfuture.14.Howdidthewomanknowabouttheposition?A.Fromanewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromafriend.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A.Adirector.B.Afashioneditor.C.Anadvertisingdesigner.16.Howdoesthewomanprobablysound?A.Nervous.B.Annoyed.C.Confident.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyAfricancountrieshasDieuveilMalongavisited?A.30.B.38.C.54.18.WhathasDieuveilMalongadone?A.Hehassetupawebsite.B.Hehasofferedcookingcourses.C.HehasplantedmanyAfricanvegetables.19.WheredidDieuveilMalongastarttolearntocook?A.InFrance.B.InGermany.C.InRwanda.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttherestaurant?A.ItisdevotedtotrainingmoreAfricanchefs.B.ItpromotestraditionalAfricancookingmethods.C.Itisnotcheapatalleventohaveanaveragemealthere.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGenerationsofcreatorshaveimprovedourliveswitheverythingthattouchesoffourimagination.Herearesomeofthebrilliantinventors.EllenSwallowRichards(1842—1911)Afterearningabachelor’sdegreefromVassarCollegein1870,Richardswasacceptedasa“specialstudent”atall-maleMIT,becomingthefirstwomanintheUnitedStatestoattendascienceschool.SheconductedahugesurveyofwaterqualityinMassachusetts,aneffortthatledtothefirststatewater-qualitystandardsinUS.GregorMendel(1822—1884)Inthemid-1800s,heexperimentedwithpeaplantstodeterminehowphysicalfeaturespassfromonegenerationtothenext.Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.RayKroc(1902—1984)AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.In1954,KrocwassellingindustrialmixersandvisitedtheCaliforniarestaurantoftwoofhisbestcustomers,MauriceandRichardMcDonald.Krocwasimpressedbythemethodsthebrothersusedtomaketheirhamburgers,cheeseburgers,Frenchfries,andmilkshakes.Kroc,anIllinoisnative,talkedtheMcDonaldsintoallowinghimtocreateagroupofdrive-inhamburgerrestaurantsusingtheirmethodsandname.ThefirstofhisrestaurantsopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,onApril15,1955.JaneJacobs(1916—2006)Jacobswasnotaformallytrainedurbanplanneranddidn’thaveacollegedegree,butherintelligentviewsoncommunityplanningchangedthewayAmericansthoughtaboutcities.Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.Shealsostronglyopposedhigh-risedevelopmentsandexpresswaysthatcutthroughneighborhoods.1.WhatdidGregorMendeldo?A.Hefoundanewfastfoodmakingmethod.B.Hediscoveredthebasiccross-breedinglaws.C.Heestablishedthewater-qualitystandardsinUS.D.Hehelpedtoplanhuman-friendlyneighborhoods.2.WhoisthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants?A.RayKroc. B.JaneJacobs.C.RichardMcDonald. D.MauriceMcDonald.3.WhendidJaneJacobspublishDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities?A.In2006. B.In1984. C.In1961. D.In1916.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了几个著名的发明家。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GregorMendel(1822—1884)部分的“Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.(这些实验建立了杂交植物所需的基本规则，以创造出具有所需特征的新品种)”可知，孟德尔发现了杂交繁殖的基本规律，故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RayKroc(1902—1984)部分的“AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.(作为麦当劳餐厅的创始人，克罗克改变了美国人的饮食方式)”可知，雷·克罗克是麦当劳的创始人，故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据JaneJacobs(1916—2006)部分的“Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.(在1961年出版的《美国大城市的死与生》一书中，雅各布斯倡导以短街区和混合用途建筑为特色的人性化社区，鼓励居民互动)”可知