精品解析：2022年山东省潍坊市中考英语真题（解析版）

参照秘密级管理★启用前试卷类型：A2022年潍坊市初中学业水平考试英语试题2022.6注意事项：1.本试题满分80分，考试时间为90分钟；2.答卷前务必将试题密封线内及答题卡上面的项目填涂清楚。所有答案都必须涂、写在答题卡相应位置，答在本试卷上一律无效。一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列语篇，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMissBradley:Debbie?ThepeopleatSunnyBank—youknow,thehomeforoldpeople—wantsomeonetogiveatalk.Couldyoudoit?Debbie:Me?Standupandtalk?Ican’tdothat.MissB:Debbie,it’snotabigdeal.Jess:Whynot,Debbie?Imean,theoldpeoplearen’tgoingtolaughorbenasty.Debbie:No,Iknow.But…oh,Idon’tknow.I’mjustnotbraveenough,that’sall.Ican’tdoit,andthat’sthat.Jess:Hereshecomes.Goon,Pete.Pete:OK.Well,look—it’syellowDebbie.Theschoolchicken.Debbie:Ibegyourpardon?Pete:Ihearyouwon’tgiveatalkatSunnyBank.Ooh,allthosescaryoldpeople!It’sabitpathetic,eh,Debbie?Debbie:Chicken?Pathetic?Noonecallsmethat!Debbie:MissBradley?I’vechangedmymind.Iwanttodothetalkafterall.MissB:Goodforyou,Debbie.HowaboutFriday,around5o’clock?Jess:Itworked!Welldone,Pete.Pete:Thanks.ButIdon’tthinkIcanevertalktoDebbieagain!1.MissBradleyasksDebbieto_________.A.giveaspeech B.gotoabankC.standupandtalk D.lookafteroldpeople2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordchickeninPicture3probablymeaninChinese?A.小鸡 B.勇士 C.胆小鬼 D.大明星3.Bysayingsuchwords,JessandPete’srealpurposeisto__________.A.talktoDebbie B.encourageDebbie C.laughatDebbie D.makeDebbieangry【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，她起初不同意，后来在同学的刺激下决定去试一试。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“ThepeopleatSunnyBank—youknow,thehomeforoldpeople—wantsomeonetogiveatalk”可知，Bradley老师想让Debbie在老人院演讲，故选A。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Ihearyouwon’tgiveatalkatSunnyBank.Ooh,allthosescaryoldpeople!It’sabitpathetic”可知，嘲笑Debbie不敢去老人院做演讲，是一个胆小鬼，所以chicken表示“胆小鬼”，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据“Itworked!Welldone,Pete”可知，他们说这些的目的是为了鼓励Debbie勇敢去老人院演讲，故选B。BMargaretAnnBulkleywasbornaround1789,inIreland.Shehadbigdreams.“Iwanttobeadoctor!”Buttwohundredyearsagoagirlcouldn’tbecomeadoctor.Heruncle,JamesBarry,wasagreatpainter.AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim.Yearslater,heruncleJamesBarrydied,leavinghersomemoney.Itwasenoughtostudytobeadoctor.“Butagirlcan’tbecomeadoctor,”saidMargaretsadly.“Yes,youcan!”saidGeneralMiranda.“Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.”Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry.Fromthenon,MargaretAnnBulkleydisappeared.ShebecameJamesBarryandenteredEdinburghUniversity.Hetook13subjectsandworkedallthroughthesummerwhentheotherstudentswentonholiday.Barrygraduatedin1812anddecidedtojointheBritishArmy.Inhislife,Dr.JamesBarrytravelledallovertheworld,helpingtosavemanylives.Beforeretirement,Barryhadrisentothesecond-highestmedicalofficerintheBritishArmy.Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople,andperformedthefirstrecordedsuccessfulcaesareansection（剖宫产）inAfrica.ThesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyearswasonlyknownafterhisdeathin1865.4.WhoplayedthemostimportantroleinMargaret’sbecomingadoctor?A.GeneralMiranda. B.HeruncleJamesBarry.C.AsoldierintheBritishArmy. D.AprofessorfromEdinburghUniversity.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddisguiseinparagraph3mean?A.Changeone’sclothes. B.Dresslikeadoctor.C.Changeone’sappearance. D.Dresslikeagentleman.6.WhichwasDr.JamesBarry’sachievementinhisjob?A.BecomingthehighestofficerintheBritishArmy.B.Graduatingfromthemostfamousmedicaluniversity.C.Improvingmedicalconditionsforthewoundedsoldiers.D.Doingtheworld’sfirstrecordedcaesareansectionsuccessfully.7.WhatwasthesecretDr.JamesBarrykeptforoverfiftyyears?A.JamesBarryleftmuchmoney. B.Dr.JamesBarrywasawoman.C.Margaretdiedinhertwenties. D.GeneralMirandahelpedMargaretalot.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了MargaretAnnBulkley为了实现自己成为医生的梦想，把自己装扮成一位男性从医的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“AndhisfriendGeneralMirandahadalibrarywithmorethan6,000books.Margaretlovedreadingthere.Herintelligenceimpressedhim”及“‘Yes,youcan!’saidGeneralMiranda.‘Allyouhavetodoistodisguiseasaboy.’”可知，是叔叔的朋友GeneralMiranda鼓励她去实现自己的梦想，故选A。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes”可知，为了成为一名医生，把自己的头发剪短，装扮成一个男孩，所以disguise与Changeone’sappearance同义，故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据“Barryimprovedtheconditionsfornotonlywoundedsoldiersbutalsothelocalpeople”可知，改善了伤兵的生活条件是他所取得的成就之一，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据“Margaretreallywantedtobeadoctor.Soshecutoffherlonghair,practicedspeakinginadeepvoice,andputonboy’sclothes.ShealsonamedherselfJamesBarry”可知，她假扮成男孩成为一名医生是她一直保守的秘密，故选B。CWhatdothreehearts,eightarmsandonehugebrainaddupto?Anoctopus,acreaturethatcandoamazingthings.Octopusesareveryclever.Astheydon’thaveteethorsharpclawstodefendthemselves,theyhaveeverlearntafewtrickstogetoutofdangeroussituations.Doyouknowhowtheydothat?Theyoftenhidethemselvesinthesandonthebottomoftheoceanfloor.Someoctopusesliketostayinmoreshallowwaterwheretherearerocks.Becauseoctopuseshaveverysoftbodies,theycanhidethemselvesintosmallspacesbetweentherockstogetridofenemies.Theoctopusislikeachameleonbecauseitcanchangethecolorofitsskintomatchthesand.Thiscolorchangehappensinlessthanaminute.Anotherwayanoctopuscanprotectitselfisbyshootingink.Itcanshootinkint