精品解析：湖南省常德市2020年中考英语试题（解析版）

2020年常德市初中学业水平考试英语试题卷考生注意：1.请在试题卷首填写好准考证号及姓名。2.请将答案填写在答题卡上，填写在试题卷上的无效。3.本学科试题卷共8页，3部分，满分100分，考试时量90分钟。第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读技能阅读下面的材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题。AWhatarecoronaviruses?Coronaviruseswerediscoveredinthe1960s.Theyareagroupofvirusesthatcausediseasesinmammalsandbirds.Inhumans,coronavirusescauserespiratorytractinfections.Thenewcoronavirus.Attheendof2019,anewtypeofcoronavirusstartedspreadinginChina.Thistypeofcoronavirusisoftencalled2019-nCoV,novelcoronavirus,orCOVID-19.Itisbelievedthattheviruswastransmittedfromanimalstohumans.Someofthefirstcaseswerediagnosedinpeoplewhohadvisitedamarketsellingliveseafoodandanimals.Unfortunately,whenvirusesaretransmittedfromanimalstopeopleitcantakescientistsalotoftimebeforetheycandevelopavaccineormedicinestocureit.Howdoesthevirusspread?Thevirusappearstospreadmainlyfrompersontoperson.Thetransmissionoccurswhensomeonecomesintocontactwithaninfectedperson.Forexample,acough,asneezeorahandshakecouldcausetransmission.Thespreadmayalsobecausedbycomingintocontactwithsomethinganinfectedpersonhastouchedandthentouchingyourmouth,noseoreyes.virus病毒mammal哺乳动物respiratory呼吸的infection感染transmit传染case病例diagnose诊断cure治愈occur发生contact接触1.Whenwerecoronavirusesdiscovered?A.Inthe1960s. B.Inthe1970s. C.Inthe1980s.2.Wheredidthenewcoronavirusesstartspreadingattheendof2019?A.InChina. B.InAmerica. C.Allovertheworld.3.IsiteasyforthedoctorstocureCOVID-19?A.Yes,itis. B.No,itisn’t. C.Notmentioned.4.Howmanywaysarementionedforthespreadofthenewcoronaviruses?A.1 B.2. C.3.【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲了三方面的内容：1.什么是冠状病毒？2.新型冠状病毒；3.病毒是如何传播的？【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Coronaviruseswerediscoveredinthe1960s.”可知，冠状病毒是在20世纪60年代发现的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Attheendof2019,anewtypeofcoronavirusstartedspreadinginChina.”可知，2019年底，新型冠状病毒开始在中国蔓延，故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Unfortunately,whenvirusesaretransmittedfromanimalstopeople，itcantakescientistsalotoftimebeforetheycandevelopavaccineormedicinestocureit.”（不幸的是，当病毒从动物传播给人类时，科学家要花很长时间才能研制出治疗病毒的疫苗或药物。）可知，文中提到专家研制治疗病毒的疫苗或药物需要很长时间,故不容易治疗，选B。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，病毒人传人的方式有两种：1.与被感染者接触；2.接触了被感染者接触过的东西。故选B。BBelowishowfourstudentsansweredtheirteacher’squestioninclass.LilyIlikeshoppingandtalkingtopeople.IthinkIcanlearnhowtodobusiness.Maybesellingclothesisagoodbusinessforme.RyanMyhobbiesareplayingcomputergamesandmakingfriendsonline.Weoftenshareourfunnystoriesbye-mail.IguessIwilllearnmoreaboutcomputersandmakesuper-smartcomputerprograms.BillMyparentshavekeptlotsofpetssinceIwaslittle.We’veexperiencedmanythingstogether,goodandbad,happyandsad.Thosestorieshavealwaysstayedinmymind.Oneday,Iwillsharethemwithpeoplebydrawingandwritingbooks.AnnaThoughmymomandtwosistersarealldoctors,I’msureIwillstayasfarawayfromahospitalasIcan.Ihatebeingsick,andI’mafraidofseeingsickpeoplelookingweakandsad.I’llkeepstrongbyplayingmyfavoritesport,tennis,everyday.OnedayI’lljointhenationalteamandbeanotherLina.5.Whatquestiondidtheteachermostlikelyaskinclass?A.Whatdoyouliketotalkaboutwithyourfriends?B.What’syourplanforthecomingvacation?C.Whatdoyouwanttodointhefuture?6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”mean?A.Pets. B.Stories. C.Books.7.HowwillAnnakeepstrong?A.Shewillplaytenniseveryday.B.Shewillstayasfarawayfromahospitalaspossible.C.ShewilljointhenationalteamandbecomeanotherLina.8.Whatdoweknowfromthereading?A.Lilyisgoodatmakingclothes.B.OneofBill’sparentsisananimaldoctor.C.RyanenjoysmeetingpeopleontheInternet.【答案】5.C6.B7.A8.C【解析】【5题详解】推理判断题。根据四位同学的回答Maybesellingclothesisagoodbusinessforme；IguessIwilllearnmoreaboutcomputersandmakesuper-smartcomputerprograms；Oneday,Iwillsharethemwithpeoplebydrawingandwritingbooks；OnedayI’lljointhenationalteamandbeanotherLina，可知Lily将来卖衣服；Ryan想学到更多关于计算机的知识，并制作超级智能的计算机程序；Bill想通过画画和写书来和人们分享他的故事；Anna想有一天加入国家队，成为另一个Lina。由此可推断出老师在问他们将来想干什么，故选C。【6题详解】词句猜测题。them“它们”指代复数，根据上文Thosestorieshavealwaysstayedinmymind.那些故事一直留在我的脑海里。可知them指代stories，Bill想通过画画和写书来和人们分享他的故事，故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题，根据上文I’llkeepstrongbyplayingmyfavoritesport,tennis,everyday.可知她将通过每天玩最喜欢的运动——网球来保持强壮。故选A。【8题详解】细节理解题。A.Lilyisgoodatmakingclothes.莉莉擅长做衣服。根据上文Maybesellingclothesisagoodbusinessforme.可知对她来说，卖衣服是件好买卖，而不是她擅长做衣服。所以此项说法错误；B.OneofBill’sparentsisananimaldoctor.比尔的父母之一是动物医生。根据上文Bill的回答“MyparentshavekeptlotsofpetssinceIwaslittle.”可知他的父母养过很多宠物，但不是动物医生，所以此项说法错误；C.RyanenjoysmeetingpeopleontheInternet.瑞安喜欢在网上见人们。根据上文Ryan的回答“Myhobbiesareplayingcomputergamesandmakingfriendsonline.Weoftenshareourfunnystoriesbye-mail.”，可知他喜欢在网上交朋友，经常通过电子邮件分享有趣故事。所以此项说法正确，故选C。CThingsYouCanDoInOneSecondToMakeYourLifeHappierOnesecond.That’sallittakestomakeyourlifehappier.△Thencheckoutthislistofthingsyoucandoinasinglesecond.Thatwillbringmorehappinessintoyourlifeeveryday.Giveagreatbigsmile.Lookforaneasywaytomakeyourlifehappier.Smilemore.Smilingcanhelpyoufeelbetterinstantly.Anditcanbecontagious.Sogiveasmiletoatotalstrangeronthestreet.Orifyou’resad,angry,orannoyedaboutsomething,choosetosmileandlaughitoffinstead.Takeadeepbreath.Deepbreathingisoneofthebestwaystoreducestressandbringbalancebackintoyourlife.Anditonlytakesasecond.Takesometimeouteachdaytofocusonnothingexceptyourbreath.You’llfi