自然拼读法1

自然拼读法英语自然拼读法，通过学习２６个字母及字母组合在单词中的发音规则，建立字母及字母组合与发音的感知，从而达到“看字读音，听音辨字”的效果。音素教学的教学原则--实行先集中后分散(1）首先运用1学时集中识记26个字母（学生在小学时已经基本掌握26个字母的读音及书写，因此教学重点应该是纠正错误的书写和读音），期间可根据需要穿插一些简单易学、琅琅上口的字母歌曲，这样可以起到调节和加深识记的作用。(2）用3~4个学时集中进行音素的教学，教学重点是帮助学生了解字母、音素、音标三者之间的内在联系，懂得它们各自在拼读单词中的作用；帮助学生找出发音的规律，初步完成48个音素及其相应字母、常见字母组合的教学。通过集中学习，学生对音素有了一定的了解，有了音素的概念，这样就为学生的独立拼读奠定了基础。英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个.元音分为单元音和双元音.辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音.一、元音部分:1)单元音[i]发音组合：i代表单词：sitbitkickpick[e]发音组合：eeaa代表单词：peneggbestbreadheavenmany[æ]发音组合：a代表单词：capmapbad[ʌ]发音组合：uo代表单词：upcupbutmonkonion[ɔ]发音组合：o代表单词：hotnot[u]发音组合：oouou代表单词：footgoodpullfullshouldwould[ə]发音组合：aeror代表单词：appearagainaliketeachermotherbrotheractormonitor[i:]发音组合：eeeeaieei代表单词：mehewebeefeeldeepseatbeatleadchiefbelieveachievereceive[ɑ:]发音组合：arearal代表单词：fardarkfarmhearthalf[ɔ:]发音组合：alooawouoreauorar代表单词：talkballdoorfloorlawsawboughtthoughtbeforeignorecaughtnaughtyforcebornwarn[u:]发音组合：oooouu代表单词：foodfoolshoottombgroupblueclue[ə:]发音组合：orirerurear代表单词：workwormbirddirtytermburnsurflearn双元音[ei]发音组合：eiaaiay代表单词：eightcakelakemakepaidmaindaymay[ai]发音组合：yiuy代表单词：crymybiketimekitebuyguy[ɔi]发音组合：oyoi代表单词：boytoynoisevoicecoin[iə]发音组合：eerearere代表单词：beerdeerhearnearhere[ɛə]发音组合：airearareere代表单词：hairfairchairbearsweardareharethere[uə]发音组合：oorour代表单词：poortour[əu]发音组合：oowoa代表单词：hostnosecopeownlowboatcoat[au]发音组合：ouow代表单词：houseoutsoundtownnow二、辅音部分：[p]发音组合：p代表单词：payputspeedspend[t]发音组合：t代表单词：teatipmeet[k]发音组合：ckck代表单词：cakecarcankiteskypickback[f]发音组合：fph代表单词：fivelifefatphototelephone[θ]发音组合：th代表单词：thinkteeththankbothmouth[s]发音组合：sc代表单词：seemsetsayfaceraceiceprice[ʃ]发音组合：shsssch代表单词：shipfishsureassuremachine[h]发音组合：hwh代表单词：hothomehatewhole[b]发音组合：b代表单词：birdbigbag[d]发音组合：d代表单词：dodiddeerbed[g]发音组合：g代表单词：gogapbag[v]发音组合：v代表单词：voteveryleave[ð]发音组合：th代表单词：thisthenthough[z]发音组合：zs代表单词：prizeraiseeyes[ʒ]发音组合：s代表单词：pleasureusual[m]发音组合：m代表单词：somecomemother[n]发音组合：n代表单词：notenogun[ŋ]发音组合：ngn代表单词：kingthinginktank[l]发音组合：l代表单词：latelettelldeal[r]发音组合：rwr代表单词：ricerightfreewritewrong[j]发音组合：y代表单词：yearyesyou[w]发音组合：wwh代表单词：waitwillwheelwhatwhen[ʧ]发音组合：ch代表单词：cheapcatchwatch[ʤ]发音组合：jgdg代表单词：jeepjokechangejudge[dr]发音组合：dr代表单词：dreamdraw[tr]发音组合：tr代表单词：treetriptreat[ts]发音组合：ts代表单词：sitsparents[dz]发音组合：ds代表单词：needsspends三、进行大量的拼读训练，直到学生看到生单词，能够读出大体上相近的音为止。以下是一些教学中使用的方法Phonemicawarenessrelatestotheabilitytodistinguishandmanipulateindividualsounds,suchas/f/,/ʊ/,and/t/inthecaseoffoot.Thefollowingarecommonphonemicawarenessskillspracticedwithstudents:Phonemeisolation:whichrequiresrecognizingtheindividualsoundsinwords,forexample,Tellmethefirstsoundyouhearinthewordpick(/p/).Phonemeidentity:whichrequiresrecognizingthecommonsoundindifferentwords,forexample,Tellmethesoundthatisthesameinbike,boyandbell(/b/).Phonemesubstitution:inwhichonecanturnaword(suchascat)intoanother(suchashat)bysubstitutingonephoneme(suchas/h/)foranother(/k/).Phonemesubstitutioncantakeplaceforinitialsounds(cat-hat),middlesounds(cat-cut)orendingsounds(cat-can).Oralsegmenting:Theteachersaysaword,forexample,ball,andstudentssaytheindividualsounds,/b/,/ɑ/,and/l/.Oralblending:Theteachersayseachsound,forexample,/b/,/ɑ/,/l/andstudentsrespondwiththeword,ball.Sounddeletion:Theteachersaysword,forexample,bill,hasstudentsrepeatit,andtheninstructsstudentstorepeatthewordwithoutasound.Onset-rimemanipulation:whichrequiresisolation,identification,segmentation,blending,ordeletionofonsets(thesingleconsonantorblendthatprecedesthevowelandfollowingconsonants),forexample,j-ump,st-op,str-ong.Yopp(1992)offersthefollowinggeneralrecommendationsforphonemicawarenessactivities:a.Keepasenseofplayfulnessandfun,avoiddrillandrotememorization.b.Usegroupsettingsthatencourageinteractionamongchildren.c.Encouragechildren'scuriosityaboutlanguageandtheirexperimentationwithit.d.Allowforandbepreparedforindividualdifferences.e.Makesurethetoneoftheactivityisnotevaluativebutratherfunandinformal.