自然拼读法1

2023-10-29 · U1 上传 · 3页 · 32 K

自然拼读法英语自然拼读法,通过学习26个字母及字母组合在单词中的发音规则,建立字母及字母组合与发音的感知,从而达到“看字读音,听音辨字”的效果。音素教学的教学原则--实行先集中后分散(1)首先运用1学时集中识记26个字母(学生在小学时已经基本掌握26个字母的读音及书写,因此教学重点应该是纠正错误的书写和读音),期间可根据需要穿插一些简单易学、琅琅上口的字母歌曲,这样可以起到调节和加深识记的作用。(2)用3~4个学时集中进行音素的教学,教学重点是帮助学生了解字母、音素、音标三者之间的内在联系,懂得它们各自在拼读单词中的作用;帮助学生找出发音的规律,初步完成48个音素及其相应字母、常见字母组合的教学。通过集中学习,学生对音素有了一定的了解,有了音素的概念,这样就为学生的独立拼读奠定了基础。英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个.元音分为单元音和双元音.辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音.一、元音部分:1)单元音[i]发音组合:i代表单词:sitbitkickpick[e]发音组合:eeaa代表单词:peneggbestbreadheavenmany[æ]发音组合:a代表单词:capmapbad[ʌ]发音组合:uo代表单词:upcupbutmonkonion[ɔ]发音组合:o代表单词:hotnot[u]发音组合:oouou代表单词:footgoodpullfullshouldwould[ə]发音组合:aeror代表单词:appearagainaliketeachermotherbrotheractormonitor[i:]发音组合:eeeeaieei代表单词:mehewebeefeeldeepseatbeatleadchiefbelieveachievereceive[ɑ:]发音组合:arearal代表单词:fardarkfarmhearthalf[ɔ:]发音组合:alooawouoreauorar代表单词:talkballdoorfloorlawsawboughtthoughtbeforeignorecaughtnaughtyforcebornwarn[u:]发音组合:oooouu代表单词:foodfoolshoottombgroupblueclue[ə:]发音组合:orirerurear代表单词:workwormbirddirtytermburnsurflearn双元音[ei]发音组合:eiaaiay代表单词:eightcakelakemakepaidmaindaymay[ai]发音组合:yiuy代表单词:crymybiketimekitebuyguy[ɔi]发音组合:oyoi代表单词:boytoynoisevoicecoin[iə]发音组合:eerearere代表单词:beerdeerhearnearhere[ɛə]发音组合:airearareere代表单词:hairfairchairbearsweardareharethere[uə]发音组合:oorour代表单词:poortour[əu]发音组合:oowoa代表单词:hostnosecopeownlowboatcoat[au]发音组合:ouow代表单词:houseoutsoundtownnow二、辅音部分:[p]发音组合:p代表单词:payputspeedspend[t]发音组合:t代表单词:teatipmeet[k]发音组合:ckck代表单词:cakecarcankiteskypickback[f]发音组合:fph代表单词:fivelifefatphototelephone[θ]发音组合:th代表单词:thinkteeththankbothmouth[s]发音组合:sc代表单词:seemsetsayfaceraceiceprice[ʃ]发音组合:shsssch代表单词:shipfishsureassuremachine[h]发音组合:hwh代表单词:hothomehatewhole[b]发音组合:b代表单词:birdbigbag[d]发音组合:d代表单词:dodiddeerbed[g]发音组合:g代表单词:gogapbag[v]发音组合:v代表单词:voteveryleave[ð]发音组合:th代表单词:thisthenthough[z]发音组合:zs代表单词:prizeraiseeyes[ʒ]发音组合:s代表单词:pleasureusual[m]发音组合:m代表单词:somecomemother[n]发音组合:n代表单词:notenogun[ŋ]发音组合:ngn代表单词:kingthinginktank[l]发音组合:l代表单词:latelettelldeal[r]发音组合:rwr代表单词:ricerightfreewritewrong[j]发音组合:y代表单词:yearyesyou[w]发音组合:wwh代表单词:waitwillwheelwhatwhen[ʧ]发音组合:ch代表单词:cheapcatchwatch[ʤ]发音组合:jgdg代表单词:jeepjokechangejudge[dr]发音组合:dr代表单词:dreamdraw[tr]发音组合:tr代表单词:treetriptreat[ts]发音组合:ts代表单词:sitsparents[dz]发音组合:ds代表单词:needsspends三、进行大量的拼读训练,直到学生看到生单词,能够读出大体上相近的音为止。以下是一些教学中使用的方法Phonemicawarenessrelatestotheabilitytodistinguishandmanipulateindividualsounds,suchas/f/,/ʊ/,and/t/inthecaseoffoot.Thefollowingarecommonphonemicawarenessskillspracticedwithstudents:Phonemeisolation:whichrequiresrecognizingtheindividualsoundsinwords,forexample,Tellmethefirstsoundyouhearinthewordpick(/p/).Phonemeidentity:whichrequiresrecognizingthecommonsoundindifferentwords,forexample,Tellmethesoundthatisthesameinbike,boyandbell(/b/).Phonemesubstitution:inwhichonecanturnaword(suchascat)intoanother(suchashat)bysubstitutingonephoneme(suchas/h/)foranother(/k/).Phonemesubstitutioncantakeplaceforinitialsounds(cat-hat),middlesounds(cat-cut)orendingsounds(cat-can).Oralsegmenting:Theteachersaysaword,forexample,ball,andstudentssaytheindividualsounds,/b/,/ɑ/,and/l/.Oralblending:Theteachersayseachsound,forexample,/b/,/ɑ/,/l/andstudentsrespondwiththeword,ball.Sounddeletion:Theteachersaysword,forexample,bill,hasstudentsrepeatit,andtheninstructsstudentstorepeatthewordwithoutasound.Onset-rimemanipulation:whichrequiresisolation,identification,segmentation,blending,ordeletionofonsets(thesingleconsonantorblendthatprecedesthevowelandfollowingconsonants),forexample,j-ump,st-op,str-ong.Yopp(1992)offersthefollowinggeneralrecommendationsforphonemicawarenessactivities:a.Keepasenseofplayfulnessandfun,avoiddrillandrotememorization.b.Usegroupsettingsthatencourageinteractionamongchildren.c.Encouragechildren'scuriosityaboutlanguageandtheirexperimentationwithit.d.Allowforandbepreparedforindividualdifferences.e.Makesurethetoneoftheactivityisnotevaluativebutratherfunandinformal.

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