小升初英语语法讲义名词（含练习 答案）（14页）

课题名称小升初英语语法-第1讲：名词教学目标知识点：1.巩固名词的分类和用法（可数名词、不可数名词）2.名词变复数考点:可数、不可数名词及名词所有格的相关考查题型能力：1.能分清哪些是可数名词或不可数名词（重点） 2.能正确使用不可数名词（难点）3.能熟练使用名词所有格（难点）方法：练习＋归纳Step1FreeTalkSelf-introductionDreamStep2Warming-upHappytime：Guess:answer:age年龄Whatalwaysgoesup,andnevergoesdown?Step3PhoneticSymbols英语国际标准音标练习元音(20个)单元音12个前元音(4个)[i:][i][e][æ]       后元音(5个)[ɑ:][ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]      中元音(3个)[ʌ][ə:][ə]        双元音8个合口双元音(5个)[ei][əu][ai][au][ɔi]      集中双元音(3个)[iə][uə][ɛə]        辅音(28个)清辅音(11个)[p][t][k][f][s][θ][ʃ][tʃ][tr][ts][h]浊辅音(17个)[b][d][g][v][z][ð][ʒ][dʒ][dr][dz][l][m][n][ŋ][j][w][r]     /i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/help/help//æ/have/hæv/cat/kæt/语音基础小练习：下面对字母的分类是不正确的，请根据字母的发音重新归类。[ei]Hh,Jj,Kk,Xx；[i:]Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Gg,Tt,Vv,Ww;[ai]Aa,Ii,Yy;[e]Ff,Ll,Rr,Ss,Zz;[ju:]Pp,Qq,Uu,Mm,Nn,Oo;[ei]_______,________,_______,________;[i:]_______,________,_______,________,_______,________,_______,________;[ai]_______,________;[e]_______,________,_______,________,_______,________,_______;[ju:]_______,________,_______;Practicing:threethousandthreehundredandthirty-threeanswers:[ei]__Aa___,___Hh___,___Jj___,___Kk___;[i:]__Bb__,___Cc___,___Dd__,__Ee__,___Gg__,___Pp___,__Tt__,__Vv__;[ai]__Ii__,__Yy__;[e]__Ff__,__Ll__,__Mm__,_Nn___,___Ss___,___Xx___,___Zz__;[ju:]__Qq__,__Uu__,__Ww__;Step4LanguageLearning专题一：名词专有名词：首字母始终大写（人名、地名、国家、城市等）名词可数名词：有复数形式（变化规则）普通名词不可数名词：无复数形式，在句中被看作单数；借助量词表达量有生命的：’ss’（特殊：tenminutes’walk,onehour’sdrive）名词所有格无生命的:…of…（注意顺序）可数名词可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，通常有单数和复数的形式。可数名词变化规则：※规则名词的复数形式：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seasgirl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxeswatch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,knife-knives,shelf-shelves4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-partiesstory-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词加-stoy-toys,boy-boys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroespotato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes加-sphoto-photos,radio-radios,bamboo-bambooszoo-zoos7以-th结尾的名词加-smonth-months【巧学妙记】：（1）黑人英雄吃土豆吐西红柿皮（2）妻子持刀去宰狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光※英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-womenfoot-feet,goose-geese________mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,______3常以复数形式出现clothes，trousers,noodles________,_________4表示“某国人”词尾加-sAmerican-AmericansCanadian-CanadiansGerman-Germans单复数同形Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchwoman-Frenchwomen【巧学妙记】：中日不变，英法变，其他“s”加后边注意：(1)姓氏的复数形式前面加the表示“……一家或……夫妇”如：theWhites(2)可数名词的单数,可以用‘a’或‘an’来修饰acake/abook/apen/astudentanegg/anorange/anelephant/anoldmanauniform/aEuropeanstamp/auniversitystudentanhour/anhonestboy【课堂练习】一．把下列单数名词变成复数1.giraffe__________2.apartment__________3.fish__________4.box__________5.lady__________6.leaf__________7.life__________8.match__________9.snowman__________10.child__________11.peach__________12.dish__________13.bus__________14.photo__________15.tomato__________16.potato__________17.story__________18.factory__________19.sheep__________20.deer__________21.hero____________22.radio__________23.Japanese_________24.Chinese______25.German__________26.American__________answers:1.giraffes2.apartments3.fish/fishes4.boxes5.ladies6.leaves7.lives/life8.matches9.snowmen10.children11.peaches12.dishes13.buses14.photos15.tomatoes16.potatoes17.stories18.factories19.sheep20.deer21.heroes22.radios23.Japanese24.Chinese25.Germans26.Americans二、在横线上填上适当的词。1.Therearemany_____________(sheep)and___________(deer)onthegrass.2.Canada,America.ItalyandIsraelareallforeign_______________(country).3.Inthestreettherearemanybig______________(mouse).4.Mr.ZhangandLiuareboth_____________(postman).5.MarkandDavidare_________________(German).6.Weare_______________(Chinese).Theyare________________(American).7.Hello,Mr.Wang.Howmany_______________(child)doyouhave?Ihaveone_______________(child).8.Chinahasmanylarge___________________________(city).Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest____________(city)inChina.answers:1.sheep;deer2.countries3.mice4.postmen5.Germans6.Chinese;Americans7.children;child8.cities;cities三、请在以下四个选项中选出最佳答案。()1.The_________ofthetreesturnyellowinautumn.A.leaf B.leaves C.leafs D.aleaf()2.Therearealotof______intheshoppingcenter.A.peopleB.drinkC.womanD.rices()3.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof______.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats()4.Theysaidthattheyweren’t______but______.A.German,EnglishB.Chinese,JapaneseC.Americans,AustralianD.Frenchmans,Canadians()5.Arethereany______inyourfactory?A.womandriverB.womandriversC.womendriversD.women’sdrivers()6.MrWangfeltsorrythatsofew______passedtheexam.A.studentsB.studentC.students’D.child()7.Almost______arebornintheworldinoneminute.A.twohundredsbabiesB.twohundredsofbabyC.hundredsofbabiesD.twohundredbabies()8.There’slittle_______inmybag.Canyoulendmesome?A.cakeB.moneyC.penD.thing()9.MrLiisoneof______inthehospital.A.mostpopulardoctorsB.themostpopulardoctorsC.mostp