语法专项II动词一.动词是表示动作或处于某种状态的词,它分为行为动词,系动词、助动词和情态动词,动词种类多,变化又复杂,是学习英语的难点之一,下面根据动词的特点进行归类,并提供一些辨别方法,以便于理解和掌握。1.行为动词在动词中数量最多,它含有实在的意义(又叫实义动词),表示动作或状态,在句中可以单独作谓语,行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词后面必须加宾语,意义才完整,不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语,常需要在宾语前加介词才能带宾语。eg:WestudyEnglishveryhard.Shehasabookinherhand.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.连系动词本身有一定词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,常见的连系动词有:be,look,sound,get,become等。eg:Myparentsarebothfarmers.Themilktastesterrible.Thesongsoundsgood.3.助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态或其它语法形式。常见的助动词有:be,have,do,will,shall等。eg:Doyouhaveabrother?HaveyougotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary?Ididn’tgotothecinemayesterday.4.情态动词本身有词义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话者的语气和情态,情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词本身可以构成疑问和否定,常见的情态动词有:can,may,must,will,shall,need等。eg:CanyousingtheEnglishsong?Everyonemustgettoschoolontime.二.动词的时态:(一)时态概述:作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态,英语中的时态,就是通过特殊的动词词尾或加一些相关的助动词be,have(has)等,用来表示动作或事件发生的不同时间和方面。eg:Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.Hereadthenewspaperyesterday.Heisgoingtoreadthenewspapertomorrow.(二)一般现在时:1.动词变化:一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,另外be和have有特殊的人称形式。在加词尾-s时要注意:情况加法例词一般情况加-sreads,writes,says以ch,sh,s,x,或o收尾的词加-esteaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-estry-triescarry-carries读音:情况读法例词在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后[s]helps,hates,asks,laughs在[s][z][][t][d3]等音后[iz]faces,rises,wishes,watches,urges在其他情况下[z]plans,cries,shows2.一般现在时主要表示:(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用:always,often,usually,sometimes等eg:Wealwayshelpeachother.Itoftensnowsinwinter.Igetupearlyeverymorning.(2)表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。eg:Helovessports.Janeisanoutgoinggirl.TomandTimbothhavemediumheight.(3)表示客观、普遍真理eg:Twoandfourmakessix.Waterboilsat100℃Themoonmovesroundtheearth.3.一般现在时的疑问句一般以在句首加助动词do,does的方式构成。第三人称单数加does,其他加do,这时动词一概用原形;动词be只需与主语位置对调就行了。eg:DoyoulikeEnglish?Dotheyhavestorybooks?Whatdoesshedoeveryevening?Issheathome?AreyougoodatEnglish?4.一般现在时的否定式是donot(don’t)或doesnot(doesn’t)+动词原形来构成的,be动词做谓语动词只需在be后加not构成否定。eg:Idon’tlikeorangesatall.Shedoesn’tworkintheTVstation.Theyaren’tstudents.I’mnotbusyeveryweekend.三.现在进行时:1.动词变化:现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词现在分词”构成。加-ing的规则如下:(1)一般在动词原形末尾加-ing。如:stay-staying do-doinglisten-listening suffer-sufferingwork-working spend-spendinglook-looking(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。如:make-making take-takinggive-giving ride-ridingplease-pleasing refuse-refusingclose-closing operate-operating(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing。如:put-putting sit-sittingrun-running win-winningbegin-beginning2.现在进行时的用法(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,这时可以不用时间状语,也可以和now,atpresent,atthemoment等时间状语连用。有时用一个动词,如look(看),listen(听)。eg:Whatareyoureadingnow?Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.(2)表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。eg:Theyareworkinginafactorythesedays.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking.(3)表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。现在进行时有时可表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,即可以用来代替将来时。eg:Whenareyouleaving?AreyougoingtoTibettomorrow?3.现在进行时的否定句和疑问句比较简单。否定句在be(am,is,are)后面加not;疑问句把be动词移到主语前。eg:Iamnotworking.Whatareyoureadingnow?Howareyoufeelingtoday?Thetrainisn’tarrivingsoon.四.一般过去时:1.动词变化:一般过去时主要表示过去的动作或状态,在句中由主语+动词的过去式来表达。构成规则原形过去式一般在动词末尾加-ed[来源:学,科,网]workplantplayworkedplantedplayed结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivechangelikedlivedchanged末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-edplan(计划)stopdropplannedstoppeddropped以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i再加-edcarrystudycrycarriedstudiedcried否定式疑问式否定疑问式简单回答Ididnotwork.DidIwork?DidInotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.He/She/Itdidnotwork.Didhe/she/itwork?Didhe/she/itnotwork?Yes,he/she/it/did.No,he/she/itdidn’t.Wedidnotwork.Didwework?Didwenotwork?Yes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.Youdidnotwork.Didyouwork?Didyounotwork?Yes,wedid.No,wedidn’t.Theydidnotwork.Didtheywork?Didyoutheynotwork?Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.2.一般过去时的基本用法:(1)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。(eg:yesterday,lastyear,justnow,twodaysago,intheolddays等)eg:Heleftjustnow.LeiFengwasagoodsoldier.Whatdidyouhaveforbreakfastthismorning?(2)表示过去某一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作,这时常和表示频度的状语连用。eg:Lasttermweoftendidexperiments.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.五.begoingto表示一般将来1.用法:表示现在打算在最近或将来要做的事,或表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很有可能要发生的事情,be随着人称的变化变成(am,is,are)eg:Wearegoingtohaveanewsubjectthisyear.It’sgoingtorainthisafternoon.I’mgoingtobeapilotwhenIgrowup.2.begoingto的否定句在be动词后加上not;begoingto的疑问句把be动词移到主语前。eg:Heisn’tgoingtoseehisbrothertomorrow.I’mnotgoingtotellyouaboutit.Who’sgoingtouseit?Isyoursistergoingtobringyourlunch?WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday.【模拟试题】(答题时间:70分钟)一.改错:例1:Therosedarkred.→Theroseisdarkred.1.Heverylikesswimming.2.Hecanhelpsyou.3.Wehaven’tagoodtime.4.Whatareyoudoafterschooleveryday?5.SometimesIlistenmusic.sometimesIplayoutside.6.Thefishsmellsnotgood.7.Weshouldbuysomechicken.Therearelittleleft.8.Therehavemanybirdsinthesky.9.Mymother’sglassesisbroken.10.Apairofshoesarenearlyonethousand.11.Whatcolourareherhair?12.Doeshehishomework?13.A:Doyoulikeyourclass?B:Yes.Ilike.14.HealwaysdohisshoppingonFridayevening.15.IverysorryIforgotyourbirthday.16.Ihavenobrotherandsister.二.连词组句:1.listen,morning,the,to,I,radio,the,in,often2.of,men,nurses,good,sick,hospital,care,in,take,the3.weekdays,he,the,goes,cinema,nev
八年级英语上册时态复习
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