精品解析：山东省淄博市2019年中考英语试题（解析版）

淄博市2019年初中学业水平考试英语试题第Ⅰ卷选择题完形填空Forthousandsofyears，peoplefarmedtheland.Theygrewfruitsandvegetables.Theyhuntedandfishedformeat.They___1___cloth,dyes(染料)andpaperfromplants.Theyusedstoneandmetalforweaponsandtools.Peopleprogressedtomakingmachinespowered___2___waterandsteam(蒸汽),andevenlater,bycoal,oil,andpetrol.Largecitieswerebuilt.Factories___3___ofmachinescreatedjobsinthecitiesforthousandsofpeople.TheIndustrialRevolution(工业革命)changedthelivesofmanypeoplebecause,forthefirsttime,morepeoplelivedincitiesthanon___4___.Companiesbuiltpowerplants(工厂)tomake___5___torunthemachines，factoriesandcities.Peopledidnotrealizetheseactivitieswere___6___theEarth.Theydidn'trealizeoil,gas,coalandmineralswerebeingusedup___7___.___8___citiesgrewbiggerandspreadacrosstheland.plantsandanimalsbegantodisappear.Theirnaturehomesweredestroyed(破坏)aspeoplemovedintonewplaces.Astimepassed,peoplebeganto___9___theneedtoprotecttheEarthanditsnaturalresources(资源).Theysawthatplantsandanimalsneededprotection，sotheywouldn'tdisappearforever.Peoplejoinedtogethertotell____10____aroundtheworldtoconserve(节约)ournaturalresourcesandcarefortheEarth.Andso.EarthDaywasborn.Eachyear，moreandmorepeopletakepartinEarthDay.Whatcanyoudotohelp?1.A.separated B.washed C.made D.mixed2.A.as B.for C.with D.by3.A.full B.proud C.sick D.short4.A.mountains B.rivers C.grasslands D.farms5.A.metal B.water C.electricity D.oil6.A.helping B.harming C.wasting D.losing7.A.clearly B.hardly C.quickly D.slowly8.A.Before B.If C.As D.Though9.A.forget B.see C.remember D.get10.A.them B.other C.another D.others【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.D5.C6.B7.C8.C9.B10.D【解析】【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了是人类的活动给地球带来了危害，现在人们越来越意识到保护地球的重要性。【1题详解】句意：他们用植物做布、染料和纸。A.separated分离；B.washed洗；C.made制作；D.mixed混合。根据上文Forthousandsofyears，peoplefarmedtheland.Theygrewfruitsandvegetables.Theyhuntedandfishedformeat.可知下文是制作布料，燃料和纸张。根据题意，故选C。【2题详解】句意：人们开始制造由水和蒸汽驱动的机器，甚至后来又发展到由煤、油和汽油驱动的机器。A.as作为；B.for为了；C.with带有，具有；D.by通过。根据下文andevenlater,bycoal,oil,andpetrol.Largecitieswerebuilt.可知上文是用介词by。根据题意，故选D。【3题详解】句意：满是机器的工厂为数千人在城市创造了就业机会。A.full满的；B.proud骄傲的；C.sick生病的；D.short短的。这里是充满的意思，fullof…充满，根据题意，故选A。【4题详解】句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A.mountains山脉；B.rivers河水；C.grasslands草原；D.farms农场。根据上文morepeoplelivedincities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。【5题详解】句意：公司建造发电厂来发电，以运行机器、工厂和城市。A.metal金属；B.water水；C.electricity电；D.oil油。根据下文torunthemachines，factoriesandcities.可知上文是发电。根据题意，故选C。【6题详解】句意：人们没有意识到这些活动正伤害地球。A.helping帮助；B.harming有害；C.wasting浪费；D.losing失去。根据上文Peopledidnotrealizetheseactivities可知下文是在伤害地球。根据题意，故选B。【7题详解】句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、煤炭和矿产正迅速被消耗殆尽。A.clearly清晰地；B.hardly几乎不；C.quickly快速地；D.slowly慢地。这里是说快速地用完。根据题意，故选C。【8题详解】句意：随着城市规模的扩大和遍布全国。动植物开始消失。A.Before在……之前；B.If如果；C.As当……的时候；随着；D.Though通过。根据下文plantsandanimalsbegantodisappear.Theirnaturehomesweredestroyed(破坏)aspeoplemovedintonewplaces.可知，这里是当……的时候；随着。根据题意，故选C。【9题详解】句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始意识到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。A.forget忘记；B.see看见；C.remember记住；D.get得到。根据下文protecttheEarthanditsnaturalresources(资源)可知这里是说开始看到。根据题意，故选B。【10题详解】句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的其他人们保护我们的自然资源和保护地球。A.them他们；B.other其他的；C.another另一个；D.others别的，其他的，代词。根据下文aroundtheworldtoconserve(节约)ournaturalresourcesandcarefortheEarth可知，这里是说全世界的其他人们。根据题意，故选D。【点睛】完形填空题与单项选择题不同，它给出的是一篇意思较为完整的短文。做该题型试题时，首先应跳过空格通读全文，以全文为背景，联系句子的上下文进行推理和判断，从4个选项中选出一项进行试填。考生可以从词义用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理和上下文的联系等方面去考虑。最后应再把全文通览一遍，细心检查所选答案能否使短文上下连贯，前后呼应，词句通顺，使短文意思完整。检查时还应从语法、惯用法、逻辑推理和事情发生的情节等方面进行考虑，以达到准确无误之目的。如第4小题，是名词辨析。句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A.mountains山脉；B.rivers河水；C.grasslands草原；D.farms农场。根据上文morepeoplelivedincities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。阅读理解ALikeyou，plantsneedgoodthingslikefood，water，andmineralsinordertogrow.Usuallytheygettheseimportantnutrients(营养)fromtherichsoil(土壤)inwhichthey'replanted.Butthere'sanotherwaytogrowplantsthatdoesn'tusesoil.It'scalledhydrogenicgardening.“Hydrogenic”means“workingwithwater.”Inahydrogenicgarden，plantsgrowwiththeirrootsinwater，notindirt.Thewaterisfilledwithspecialfoodfortheplantsthatgardenershavecarefullymeasuredandprepared.Hydrogenicplantsgrowquickly.Inordinarygardens，plantsneedtimeandenergytogrowlongrootsthatsearchthesoilforfoodandwater.Inahydrogenicgarden，plantscanusetheirenergytogrowtallinstead.Andbecausethereisnosoil，therearenoweedsandfewinsectpests(害虫).Gardenersdon'tneedtospray(喷洒)plantswithdangerouschemicals.Boththeplantsandtheenvironmentstayhealthy.Scientistshopethat，oneday，hydrogenicgardensmaybeabletohelphungrypeopleallovertheworldgrowenoughfood-evenincountriesthathavebadsoil，orweatherthatistoohot，toocold，ortoodry.AndastronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenswiththemtothespaceshiptheyflytoMars，sothattheywillalwayshavefreshvegetables，andthefunofgrowingagardenwithoutdirt.11.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“dirt”inthesecondparagraph?A.soil B.water C.insect D.food12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Plantsneedwaterandothernutrientstogrow. B.Therearenoweedsinhydrogenicgardens.C.Hydrogenicplantscannotgrowintoohotweather. D.Astronautshopetotakehydrogenicgardenstospace.13.What'sthepassageabout?A.Plantgrowing. B.Spacefarming. C.Scientificwatering. D.hydrogenicgardening.【答案】11.A12.C13.D【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了一种方法可以种植不利用土壤的植物。它被称为氢化园艺。【11